Regional Property Questions Across South Asia

Each state in India has its own land record portal. Major states: • Uttar Pradesh: upbhulekh.gov.in • Maharashtra: mahabhulekh.maharashtra.gov.in • Karnataka: landrecords.karnataka.gov.in • Rajasthan: apnakhata.raj.nic.in. Select state, enter district and account number.

7/12 extract is a land record document in Maharashtra state containing ownership, area, and tax details. It can be obtained from the Tehsil office. Now also available from mahabhulekh.maharashtra.gov.in.

Land mutation process varies by state but generally involves: 1. Application to revenue department 2. Submission of sale deed 3. Verification 4. Entry in revenue records. Time: 15-60 days depending on state.

Process varies by state. Generally: 1. Apply to Collector/Tehsildar with NOC from agriculture department 2. Submit land records, layout plan 3. Pay conversion charges 4. Get change of land use (CLU) certificate. Requires 30-90 days.

Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016. Protects buyers by: 1. Mandatory project registration 2. Escrow account for 70% funds 3. Timely completion 4. Transparency in sale 5. Standardized agreement 6. Grievance redressal.

1. Generate token on state registration portal 2. Pay stamp duty and registration fee online 3. Upload documents 4. Schedule appointment 5. Biometric verification at sub-registrar office 6. Receive digitally signed deed.

Visit state registration website → Encumbrance Certificate section → Enter property details (district, survey number) → Select period → Pay fee → Download EC. Shows all registered transactions on the property.

• Uttar Pradesh: 1 Bigha = 20,235 sq ft • Maharashtra: 1 Gunta = 1,089 sq ft • Tamil Nadu: 1 Cent = 435.6 sq ft • West Bengal: 1 Katha = 720 sq ft • Gujarat: 1 Vigha = 17,424 sq ft

• Short-term (held <24 months): Taxed as per income tax slab • Long-term (held ≥24 months): 20% with indexation benefit • Exemption available if reinvested in residential property under Section 54/54F.

1. Visit state land records portal 2. Select district, tehsil, village 3. Enter survey/khasra number 4. View ownership details, mutation history 5. For official verification, apply for Record of Rights (RoR) copy.

• Khasra: Plot-wise record showing area, soil type, cultivation • Khatauni: Owner-wise record showing all plots owned by a person • Both part of land records maintained by Patwari/Revenue Department.

• Uttar Pradesh: 12.5 acres • Maharashtra: 54 acres • Karnataka: 54 acres dryland, 10-18 acres wetland • Tamil Nadu: 30 acres • West Bengal: 17.5 acres. Varies for irrigated/dry land.

NRIs can purchase residential and commercial property (not agricultural land). No permission needed. Can inherit agricultural land but cannot purchase. Must use funds through banking channels (not cash).

1. Apply to District Survey Officer 2. Submit ownership proof, sketch 3. Pay survey fee 4. Surveyor visits site, measures with GPS 5. Get survey map, report 6. Update land records with new survey.

Class 2 or Class 3 digital signature certificate (DSC) required for online land transactions. Obtain from licensed Certifying Authorities like TCS, eMudhra, NSDL, CDAC. Valid for 1-2 years. Used for e-registration, e-stamping.